Malware

Malware is the catch-all term for any program built with malicious intent, including viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware ✕ Ransomware is malware that encrypts your files and demands a ransom to release them. An up-to-date backup is the best protection against it. More in the glossary → , spyware ✕ Spyware is malware that secretly gathers information about you — such as keystrokes, passwords, or browsing habits — and sends it to third parties. More in the glossary → , and adware ✕ Adware is software that displays unwanted ads — often pop-ups — and tracks your browsing on the side. More annoying than destructive but can become a risk. More in the glossary → . Depending on the type, it steals data, encrypts files for extortion, spies on your input, or makes your device part of a botnet ✕ A botnet is a network of hijacked devices remotely controlled to carry out attacks — such as spam or DDoS attacks. Victims often don't even notice. More in the glossary → . It usually reaches a system through infected attachments, tampered downloads, phishing ✕ Phishing is fraudulent messages that impersonate a trusted sender (like a bank or courier) to trick you into handing over passwords or login details. More in the glossary → links, or security holes. You're protected by an up-to-date operating system, caution with links and attachments, and a good antivirus ✕ An antivirus is a program that detects, blocks and removes malicious software. Modern ones combine known signatures with behavior analysis. More in the glossary → program. Find the most reliable ones in the best antivirus comparison.